Symbols used:
| Ø | Null relativizer. |
All examples from: Tiprens-la (CaraïbEditions) (TP) and Poullet & Telchid (2010) (P&T).
The term relativizer is used to avoid taking a position on the nature of the element that introduces the relative clause.
Guadeloupean – Relative Clauses
Subject Relative Clauses
| Type | Relativizer | Example | Source |
| Src | i | Adan pyès pòyò-la i té owa kaz-la
In banana plantation-DEF that ANT close house-DEF “Inside the banana plantation that lied close to the house” |
P&T |
| Src | i | Kanmarad i wouvwè-mwen
Friend that again.see-me “The friend who saw me again” |
TP |
| Src | i | On pakyèt ti sonnèt i konnèt ri
A lot little bell that know laugh “A lot of little bells that can laugh” |
TP |
| Src | i | Zétwal i konnèt ri
Star that know laugh “Stars that can laugh [=that know how to laugh]” |
TP |
| Src | i | On flè i ka touvé-y adan on zétwal
A flower that PROGR find-it inside a star “A flower that finds itself on a star” |
TP |
| Src | i | (An sé) on nomn i pa ka jwé
(I COPpres) a man that NEG HAB play “(I’m) a man who doesn’t play” |
TP |
| Src | i | Lannuit-la i ka vin la
Night-DEF that PROGR come DEF2 “The night that is coming” |
TP |
| Src | i | On zozyo i ka mo
A bird that PROGR die “A bird that is dying” |
TP |
| Src | i | On sot-kalité sèpan jon i ka fin bat épi-w an trant sègond
A type snake yellow that PROGR/HAB end fight with-you in thirty second “A type of yellow snake that kills you in thirty seconds” |
TP |
| Src | i | Dlo-la i té ka kontinyé gouyé la
Water-DEF that ANT PROGR continue tremble DEF2 “The water that was still trembling” |
TP |
| Src | i | Potré a on woz i ka kléré adidan a-y
Image of a rose that PROGR shine inside of-he “The image of a rose that shines inside of him” |
TP |
| Src | i | Sé mèch chivé-lasa i té ka bat an van-la
PLUR lock hair-DEM that ANT PROGR wave in wind-DEF “These hair locks that were waving in the wind” |
TP |
| Src | i | Onsèl-la i ni adan Linivè
Only-DEF that have in Universe “The only one that exists in the Universe” |
TP |
| Src | i | On rina i té ka sanm sanmil dot rina
A fox that ANT HAB look.like hundred.thousand other fox “A fox that looked like a hundred thousand other foxes” |
TP |
| Src | i | Séla i ka chasé-mwen la
Those that HAB hunt-me DEF2 “Those who hunt me” |
TP |
| Src | i | Biten i ja tou fèt
Thing that already all done “Something already prepared” |
TP |
| Src | i | Blé-la i ni koulè lo la
Weat-DEF that have colour gold DEF2 “The weat that has the colour of gold” |
TP |
| Src | i | Sé twa volkan-la i té ka ban-mwen an jounou
PLUR three volcano-DEF that ANT HAV give-me to knee “The three volcanoes that are about up to my knee” |
TP |
| Src | i | Nènpot ti lilèt i ni an granlanmè Pasifik-la
Any little oxbow that have in big.sea Pacific-DEF “Some little oxbow that exist in the Pacific ocean” |
TP |
| Src | i | Sé dé milya moun-la i ka rété asi Latè
PLUR two billion person-DEF that HAB live on Earth “The two billion people that live on the Earth” |
TP |
| Src | i | Onsèl lanpadè-la i té ni an pol Sid-la
Only lamp-DEF that ANT have in pole South-DEF “The only lamp there was in the South pole” |
TP |
| Src | i | Onsèl lanpadè-la i té ni an pol No-la
Only lamp-DEF that ANT have in pole North-DEF “The only lamp there was in the North pole” |
TP |
| Src | i | Tiprens-la i pa té janmé toulongalé an vi a-y lagé modan asi on kèksyon
Little.prince-DEF that NEG ANT never throughout of life of-he leave biting on a question “A little prince that in all of his life had never let a question go” |
TP |
| Src | i | Biten i la pou toultan
Thing that there for alway “Something that had always been there” |
TP |
| Src | i | On moun i té ké fè on mové èsploratè
A person that ANT IRR do a bad explorer “A person that would be a bad explorer” |
TP |
| Src | i | On èsploratè i té ké ka bwè two
An explorer that ANT IRR HAB drink too.much “An explorer that would drink too much” |
TP |
| Src | i | On èsploratè i té ké ka manti
An explorer that ANT IRR HAB lie “An explorer that would lie” |
TP |
| Src | i | On biten i vo lapenn
A something that worth the.thing “A worthy something” |
TP |
| Src | i | On grangrèk i konnèt ola sé lanmè-la yé
A savant that know where PLUR sea-DEF COPint “A savant who knows where the seas are” |
TP |
| Src | i | On vyé misyé i té ka maké dé kalité gwomanman liv
An old man that ANT HAB write some quality huge book “An old man who used to write such big books” |
TP |
| Src | i | Moun-la i ka limé lanpadè-la
Person-DEF that HAB turn.on lamp-DEF “The person who turns on the/this lamp” |
TP |
| Src | i | On travay i bèl toubolman menm
A work that beautiful a.lot even “A work that’s very beautiful” |
TP |
| Src | i | (An sé) on nomn i pa ka jwé
(I COPpres) a man that NEG HAB play “I’m a man who doesn’t play” |
TP |
| Src | i | On lilèt i pa ta ponmoun
A little.island that NEG that.of anyone “A little island that doesn’t belong to anyone” |
TP |
| Src | i | On dyaman i pa ta ponmoun
A diamond that NEG that.of anyone “A diamond that doesn’t belong to anyone” |
TP |
| Src | i | Sé dé tibiten koulé lo i ka fè fennyan révé
PLUR some little.things colour gold that HAB make lazy.bone dream “These little golden things that make lazy bones dream” |
TP |
| Src | i | Dé tibiten i ka kléré
Some little.things that HAB shine “Some little things that shine” |
TP |
| Src | i | On nomn i konnèt larézon poubon menm
A man that know reason a.lot also “A very reasonable man” |
TP |
| Src | i | Souvenans a planèt a-y i té rété tousèl
Memory of planet of-he that ANT stay all.alone “The memory of his planet that had remained all alone” |
TP |
| Src | i | On zafè a rèv i pwan-y on pakyèt tan
A thing of dream that take-he a lot time “A thought that took him a lot of time” |
TP |
| Src | i | On mouton i kay pé viv lontan
A mutton that PROGR.go can live long “A mutton that will be able to live long” |
TP |
| Src | i | Vi an-mwen i té an jé
Life of-me that ANT in danger “My life that was in danger [=the fact that my life was in danger]” |
TP |
| Src | i | On timoun i pèd chimen an mitan dézè-la
A child that lose track in middle desert-DEF “A child that gets lost in the middle of the desert” |
TP |
| Src | i | Bèl chimen-la i té trasé ban-mwen adan lapenti
Nice path-DEF that ANT sketch to-me in painting “The nice future that waited for me in the field of painting” |
TP |
| Src | i | On nomn i sitèlman konnèt mèt larézon la
A man that so know put reason DEF “A very reasonable man |
TP |
| Src | i | Lidé a on bèl chimen i té ké ka atann-mwen adan lapenti
Idea of a nice path that ANT IRR PROGR wait-me in drawing “The idea of a nice future in the field of drawing that would have been waiting for me” |
TP |
| Src | i | On sépan boa i té ka fè on éléfan désann
A snake boa that ANT PROGR make an elephant go.down “A boa that was digesting an elefant” |
TP |
| Src | i | On Tiprens i té ka rété asi on planèt i té jistikont pli gran pasé-y
A Little.prince that ANT HAB live on planet that ANT just more big than-he “A little prince that lived on a planet that was just a little bigger than him” |
TP |
| Src | i | Tout plas-la i ni asi planèt-la
All place-DEF that have on planet-DEF “All the place there is on the planet” |
TP |
| Src | i | On jan lanprèsman i té sézi ko an-mwen
A type lacking.time that ANT take body of-me “An impression of lacking time that took control over me” |
TP |
| Src | i | Sé flè-la i ni pikan-la
PLUR flower-DEF that have thorn-DEF “The flowers that have thorns” |
TP |
| Src | i | Dlodous-la i té ka fin piti a piti asi nou la
Drinkable.water-DEF that ANT PROGR end little to littke on us DEF2 “Our drinkable water that was finishing little by little” |
TP |
| Src | i | On biten i té ka sanm-li lèd kon pa tini
A thing that ANT PROGR/HAB seem-he ugly how NEG have “Something that seemed extremely bad-looking to him” |
TP |
| Src | i | On flè i pa ni p’onlot kon-y adan tout sé pakyèt é pakyèt zétwal-la
A flower that NEG have NEG’a.lot like-it in all PLUR lot and lot star-DEF “A flower that is quite rare in all of the stars” |
TP |
| Src | i | Moun-la i enmé flè-la
Person-DEF that love flower-DEF “The person that loves the flower” |
TP |
| Src | i | On Tiprens i té bizwen yo ba-y konfowtasyon
A Little.prince that ANT need they give-he cheer.up(N) “A Little prince that needed to be cheered up” |
TP |
| Src | i | Tizèb-lasa i pa té ka sanm p’on sé lézot tizèb-la
Little.plant-DEM that NEG ANT HAB look NEG’a PLUR other little.plant-DEF “A little plant that didn’t look like the other plants” |
TP |
| Src | i | Pawol i pa té ni p’on valè
Word that NEG ANT have NEG’a value “Some meaningless words” |
TP |
| Src | i | Lavol a on bann zozyo sovaj i té ka pasé
Flight of a flock bird savage that ANT PROGR pass “The flight of a flock of savage birds that had passed [over those places]” |
TP |
| Src | i | On flè i té sitèlman plen santiman
A flower that ANT so full feeling “A flower that had so many feelings” |
TP |
| Src | i | On timoun i té ja vakabon
A child that ANT aleady rolling.stone “A child that was already a rolling stone” |
P&T |
| Src | i | Tifi-la i té bò fontenn-la yè
Girl-DEF that ANT edge fountain-DEF yesterday “The girl that was close to the fountain yesterday” |
P&T |
| Src | i | Sa i rivé manzè krikèt
What that happened miss grasshopper “What happened to miss Grasshopper” |
P&T |
| Src | ki | Woz an-mwen ki t’an mwen
Rose of-me that that’of me “My very rose” |
TP |
| Src | ki | On lajan ki tan-mwen
A money that that.of-me “Some money of mine” |
P&T |
| Src | ki | On jenn tikrikèt ki té onjan fengnan
A young little.criquet that ANT a.type lazy.bone “A young cricket that was a lazy bone” |
P&T |
| Src | ki | Banbrannèz ki lésé tout branbrann a-yo
Bracelet.lover that leave all bracelet of-them “Bracelet lovers that did not take off all of their bracelets” |
P&T |
| Src | ki | Anni biten ki pa fasil pou touvé
Only thing that NEG easy to find “Only things that aren’t easy to find” |
P&T |
| Src | ki | Tout vyé zèb ki té alantou a sé tonm-la
All bad grass that ANT around of PLUR tomb-DEF “All of the weed that lied around the tombs” |
P&T |
| Src | ki | Pakèt moun-la ki douvan sé tab-la
Lot person-DEF that in.front PLUR table-DEF “The many people that are in front of the tables” |
P&T |
| Src | ki | Moun ki ra-vou
Person that hate-you “People who hate you” |
P&T |
| Src | Ø | Tiprens-lasa ka domi la
Little.prince-DEF Øthat PROGR sleep DEF2 “The little sleeping prince” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | On biten ka fè-w santi i la
A thing Øthat PROGR make-you feel it there “Something making you feel its presence [=that makes you feel its presence” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | On flè moun pa ka vwè
A flower Øthat person NEG HAB see “A flower that nobody can see” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | On vandè té ka vann kaché pou opozé moun swèf
A sellerØthat ANT HAB sell pill for oppose person thirst “A seller selling pills for people not to feel thirsty” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | Sé tren-la ka chayé-yo alé la
PLUR train-DEF Øthat HAB bring-them go DEF2 “The trains bringing them there” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | Sé moun-la ka fè konmès la
PLUR person-DEF Øthat HAB do salesperson DEF2 “Theose who are salespeople” |
|
| Src | Ø | On rina ka sanm sanmil dot rina
A fox Øthat HAB look.like hundred.thousand other fox “A fox that looks like hundred thousand other foxes” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | On tiboug tou ka sanm sanmil dot tiboug
A child Øthat all HAB look.like hundred.thousand other child “A child that looks exactly like hundred thousand other children” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | On Tafyatè té ka rété la
A Heavy drinker Øthat ANT HAB live there “An Heavy drinker living there [=that lived there] |
TP |
| Src | Ø | Planèt-la té ka vin apré la
Planet-DEF Øthat ANT HAB come after DEF2 “The planet that came after [=the following planet]” |
TP |
| Src | Ø | An ja ni on travay ka atann-mwen
I already have a job Øthat PROGR wait-me “I already have a job waiting for me” |
P&T |
| Src | Ø | Sé moun ka fè Fwans-la
PLUR person Øthat HAB do France-DEF “The people who went to France” |
P&T |
| Src | Ø | I ka vwè byen sé timoun-la ka fè jé épi-y
He PROGR see well PLUR child-DEF Øthat PROGR do game with-him “He sees clearly the children making fun of him” |
P&T |
| Src | Ø | Fanm dousinèz pa ka ba nomn a-yo on chans
Woman clinging NEG PROGR give man of-they a chance “Clinging women not leaving their men alone” |
P&T |
| Src | Ø | Sèl biten ka fè-mwen lapenn
Only thing Øthat HAB do-me sorrow “The only thing making me struggle” |
P&T |
| Src
DOrc |
I
Ø |
Limèdlanpadè-lasa i té sitèlman ka suiv lod-la yo té ba-y la
Lighter.of.lamp-DEM that ANT so HAB follow order-DEF Øthat they ANT give-he DEF2 “This lamp lighter that would always obey the order they had given to him” |
TP |
| Sro | i | On biten kriyan i ka rivé
A thing unbelievable that PROGR arrive “Something unbelievable that was going on” |
TP |
Direct Object Relative Clauses
| Type | Relativizer | Example | Source |
| DOrc | Ø | On kolyé-chou anlò manman-mwen té lésé ban-mwen
A necklace golden Øthat mother-me ANT leave to-me “A golden necklace my mother had left me” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Tousa ou té ni pou fè
All Øthat you ANT have do “All you were supposed to do” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | On bon rézon fo-zòt pwan an konsidérasyon
A good reason Øthat must-you take in consideration “A good reason (that) you must take into consideration” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | On mouton nou pa konnèt
A mutton Øthat we NEG know “A mutton (that) we don’t know” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Onsèl biten i fèt
Only.one thing Øthat he do “The only thing he did” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Zafè mo-la ou pwan avè-y la
Thing death-DEF Øthat you take with-it DEF2 “The death thing you [keep in mind] along with it” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Kach-né anlo a-y-la i pa jan té ka kité la
Scarf golden of-he-DEF Øthat he NEG never ANT HAB leave DEF2 “The golden scarf he would never go without” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | On dlo-tijé yo ka étenn
A gush Øthat they PROGR turn.off “A gush they’re stopping” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Dézod-la an fè la
Mess-DEF Øthat I do DEF2 “The mess I did” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Tout koté moun ka rété
Every place Øthat person HAB live “Every inhabited place” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Tout bèlté a kado a nwèl an té ka risivwè
All beauty of present of christmas Øthat I ANT HAB get “All the beauty of the Christmas presents I used to be given” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Maché-la nou maché
Walk(N)-DEF Øthat we walk “All of the path we walked through” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | On tou yo fouyé dièktèman an sab-la
A hole Øthat they dig directly in sand-DEF “A hole they dug on the sand” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Dènyé tigout dlo-la an té ni èvè mwen
Last little.drop water-DEF Øthat I ANT have with me “The last little drop of water I had with me” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Tan-la an pèd ba woz an-mwen-la
Time-DEF Øthat I lose to rose of-me-DEF “The time I lost for my rose” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Tan-la ou pèd ba woz a-w-la
Time-DEF Øthat you lose to rose of-you-DEF “The time you lost for you rose” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Biten yo obliyé bon obliyé la
Thing Øthat they forgot well forgot DEF2 “Things they had forgotten for good” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Sé onsèl montangn-la i té janmé konnèt la
PLUR only mountain-DEF Øthat he ANT ever known DEF2 “The only mountains he has ever known” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Liv pli enpotan i ni
Book most important Øthat he have “The most important book he has” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Chèz a-y i té ka ralé
Chair of-him Øthat he ANT HAB trail “His chair that he used to trail” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Désant an solèy an lanmè i té kay chèché limenm limenm a-y an tan lontan
Setting of sun in sea Øthat he ANT HAB.go look himself himself of-he in time far “The settings of the sun behind the sea he himself had been looking for a long time before” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Travay-la an ka fè la
Work-DEF Øthat I HAB do DEF2 “The work I do” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Travay-la i ka fè la
Work-DEF Øthat he HAB do DEF2 “The work he does” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lidé sé granmoun-la té ni
Idea Øthat PLUR adult-DEF ANT have “The ideas that adult people had” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Milyon a sé tibiten-la moun ka vwè délè adan syèl-la
Million of PLUR little.thing-DEF Øthat person HAB see sometimes in sky-DEF “Millions of those things we see sometimes in the sky” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lantou-la i fè koté-lasa
Tour-DEF he do corner-DEM “The tour he made on that spot” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lantou-la an fè owa Wa-la
Tour-DEF Øthat I do around King-DEF “The tour I made around the King” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Chapo-la ou ka poté la
Hat-DEF Øthat you HAB/PROGR wear DEF2 “The hat you wear/you’re wearing” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lenbé a désant a solèy an lanmè a-y-la i té raté la
Sorrow of setting of sun in sea of-him-DEF Øthat he ANT miss DEF2 “The sorrow for the sun setting behind the sea he had missed” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Désant an lanmè a solèy-la ou mandé la
Descent in sea of sun-DEF Øthat you ask DEF2 “The setting of the sun in the sea you asked for” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lod an ka bay
Order Øthat I HAB give.he “The orders I give to him” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | On lod an ka ba-w
An order Øthat I PROGR give-you “An order I give you” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Mouton an-mwen i té ni an poch a-y
Mutton of-me Øthat he ANT have in pochet of-he “My mutton, which he kept in his pocket” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Sé dé tipawol i di
PLUR two little.word Øthat he say “The very few things he said” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lakontantman i té yé
Happiness Øthat he ANT COPpast “The happiness (that) he felt” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Mouton-la ou vlé-la
Mutton-DEF Øthat you want-DEF2 “The mutton (that) you want” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Sé dé onsèl désen-la an té sav fè la
PLUR two only drawing-DEF Øthat I ANT know do DEF2 “The only two subject I could draw” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Tout kouyon an té ka touvé sa kouyon lwen bon lwen-la
All idiotic Øthat I ANT PROGR find this idiotic far very far-DEF “Despite the stupid I thought this was” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Désen liméwo 1 an-mwen-la an toujou ka gadé asi mwen
Drawing number 1 of-me-DEF Øthat I always HAB have on me “My first drawing, which I always have with me” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Plibon potré […] an rivé fè dè-y
Best portrait Øthat I arrive do of-he “The best portrait of him (that) I managed to do” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lidé an té ni asi-yo
Idea Øthat I ANT have on-they “What I thought about them” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Sé bok-la désen liméwo 1 é désen liméwo 2 an mwen té pwan
PLUR failure-DEF Øthat drawing number 1 and drawing number 2 of me ANT take “The failures that my first and second drawing experienced” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lonnè a timoun-la granmoun-lasa té yé antanlontan
Honour of child-DEF Øthat adult-DEM ANT COPpast past “The honour of the child (that) this adult was a long time ago” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Plibon zanmi an ni asi Latè
Best friend Øthat I have on Earth “The best friend (that) I have” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Sé pyéwoz-la yo ka sanm onlo la
PLUR plant.rose-DEF Øthat HAB seem a.lot DEF2 “The plant of roses that they look like” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Lison-la an té ka bay la
Lesson-DEF Øthat I ANT HAB give.he DEF2 “The lesson (that) I was giving to him” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Onsèl anmizman ou té ni
One.just amusement Øthat you ANT have “The only amusement you had” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Mi sa i té ka sanm
Here what Øthat he ANT PROGR seem “Here’s what it looked like” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | On flè asifi i gadè-y pou i santi kyè a-y kontan
A flower Øthat be.sufficient he look-it for he feel heart of-he happy “A flower he just needed to see to feel happy” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Flè la ou enmé la
Flower DEF Øthat you love DEF2 “The flower you love” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | On grenn kèk moun té menné dèpi kek koté ponmoun pa té konnèt ola
A seed Øthat some person ANTbring from some place nobody NEG ANT know where “A seed someone had brought from an unknown place” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Tousa i té ni si kyè a-y
All Øthat he ANT have on hearth of-he “Everything he felt inside of him” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Fanm eskandalèz ou ka tann palé é ri
Woman scandalous Øthat you PROGR hear speak and laugh “Scandalous women you can hear speak and laugh” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Tousa ou vlé
All Øthat you want “Everything you desire” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | On manjé toutmoun pa’a manjé
A food Øthat everybody NEG’HAB eat “A dish that isn’t eaten by everybody” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Tala nou jwenn yè la
The.one Øthat we join yesterday DEF2 “The one we joined yesterday” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Moun-la an ka palé-w la
Person-DEF Øthat I PROGR speak-you DEF2 “The person I’m telling you about” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Kaz-la an té ké enmé achté la
House-DEF Øthat I ANT IRR love buy DEF2 “The house I would love to buy” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Dé moun misyé pa té konnèt
Two person Øthat man NEG ANT know “Two people (that) the man didn’t know” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Tousa i ka vwè
All Øthat she PROGR see “Everything she sees” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Tousa i ka vwè
All Øthat he PROGR see “Everything he sees” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Tousa an ké ba-w fè
All Øthat I IRR give-you do “Everything I’ll tell you to do” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Onsèl biten moun pé fè
Only thing person can do “The only thing Øthat that people can do” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Tout mizè-la siklòn-la té lésé dèyè do a-y la
All mess-DEF Øthat cyclone-DEF ANT leave behind back of-it DEF2 “All of the mess that the cyclone left behind its back” |
P&T |
| DOrc | Ø | Kochon-la yo pou kyouyé pou jou-lasa
Pig-DEF Øthat they for kill for day-DEM “The pig that is to be killed on that day” |
P&T |
| DOrc
DOrc |
Ø
Ø |
Lidé Tiprens-la té ni asi biten i té ka fè fo
Idea Øthat Little.prince-DEF ANT have on thing Øthat he ANT PROGR do must “The ideas that the Little prince had about the things he was supposed to do” |
TP |
| DOrc | Ø | Sé pyéwòz-la yo ka sanm onlo la lè yo toupiti piti
PLUR rose-DEF Øthat they HAB look.like a.lot DEF2 when they all.little little “The little roses they look like when they’re very very little” |
TP |
Indirect Object Relative Clauses
| Type | Relativizer | Example | Source |
| IOrc | Ø | Twa volkan an ka kiré andidan a-yo chak simenn
Three volcano Øthat I HAB cure inside of-they each week “Three volcanoes I take care of every week” |
TP |
| IOrc | Ø | On danjé yo té ka viv kot-a-kot épi-y dèpi nanni-nannan
A danger Øthat they ANT HAB live close with-it since long.before “A danger they had had to deal with for very a long time” |
TP |
| IOrc | Ø | Tala an té palé-w la
The.one Øthat I ANT tell-you DEF2 “The one I told you about yesterday” |
P&T |
| IOrc | Ø | Kaz-la i ka rété la
House-DEF Øthat she HAB live DEF2 “The house where she lives” |
P&T |
| IOrc | Ø | Sa ou di-mwen
What Øthat you tell-me “What you told me” |
P&T |
| IOrc | Ø | Lari-la an ka rété la
Street-DEF Øthat I HAB live DEF2 “The street where I live” |
P&T |
| IOrc | otila | Planèt-la otila i té soti la
Planet-DEF from.where he ANT arrive DEF2 “The planet from where he had arrived” |
TP |
| IOrc | otila | Planèt-la otila Tiprens-la té soti la
Planet-DEF from.where Little.prince-DEF ANT arrive DEF2 “The planet from where the little prince had arrived” |
TP |
| IOrc | otila | Planèt-la otila i soti la
Planet-DEF from.where he come DEF “The planet from where he came” |
TP |
Non-argumental Relative Clauses
| Type | Relativizer | Example | Source |
| X’rc | lè | Jou bonmaten-la lè an vin konnèt-vou la
Day morning-DEF when I come know-you DEF2 “The morning of the day when I got to know you” |
TP |
| X’rc | Ø | Lannuit-la i ka vin la
Night-DEF Øthat he HAB come DEF “The night he came” |
TP |
| X’rc | Ø | Lannuit-la ka vin la
Night-DEF Øthat PROGR come DEF2 “The night that is coming” |
TP |
| X’rc | Ø | Jou an tonbé asi Latè
Day Øthat I fall on Earth “The day I [accidentally] fell on the planet Earth” |
TP |
| X’rc | Ø | Prèmyé fwa i té gadé pouboun trézo a-y
First time Øthat he ANT look best treasure of-he “The first time he had looked at his most precious treasure” |
TP |
| X’rc | Ø | Sé si mwa-la manjé-la ka pwan pou désann an fal a-yo la
PLUR six month-DEF Øthat eat(N)-DEF take for go.down in intestine of-they DEF2 “The six months (that) the food takes to be digested” |
TP |
| X’rc | Ø | Toupatou i pasé
Everywhere Øthat he pass “Everywhere he goes” |
P&T |
| X’rc | ola | Pi-la ola nou té rivé la
Well(N)-DEF where we ANT arrive DEF2 “The well we had joined” |
TP |
| X’rc | ola | Prèmyé koté ola moun ka viv
First side where person HAB live “The first place where people live [=the first inhabited place]” |
TP |
| X’rc | ola | Tout tè ola moun ka rété
All land where person live “All lands where people live [=all inhabited lands]” |
TP |
| X’rc | ola | On planèt ola on fennyan té ka rété
A planet where a lazy.bone ANT HAB live “A planet where a lazy bone lived” |
TP |
| X’rc | ola | On planèt ola ni on misyé tou wouj lahont i yé
A planet where have a man all red shame he COP “A planet where there is a man who dies of shame” |
TP |
| X’rc | ola | On rèstoran ola yo ka manjé on bon manger kréyòl
A restaurant where they HAB eat a good food creole “A restaurant where you can eat good Creole food |
P&T |
Free Relative Clauses
| Type | Relativizer | Example | Source |
| FreeRc | Ø | Sa té rivé la
What Øthat ANT happen DEF “What happened” |
TP |
| FreeRc | Ø | Lè solèy ka desann an lanmè
When Øthat sun PROGR set in sea “When the sun sets into the sea” |
TP |
| FreeRc | Ø | Lè i anmidi Ozétazini
When Øthat it noon USA “When it is 12am in the US” |
TP |
| FreeRc | Ø | Toutlè ou té vlé
Every.time Øthat you ANT want “Everytime you wanted” |
TP |
| FreeRc | Ø | Lè nwèsè té ka rivé
When Øthat night ANT PROGR come “When the night would come” |
TP |
| FreeRc | Ø | Lé an té timoun
When Øthat I ANT child “When I was a child” |
P&T |
| FreeRc | Ø | Lè yo té palé ba-w
When Øthat they ANT speak to-you “When you were spoken to” |
P&T |
| FreeRc | Ø | Sa yo té mandé-w fè
What Øthat they ANT ask-you do “What you were asked to do” |
P&T |
| FreeRc | Ø | Lè ou ké granmoun [ou ké fè menm biten]
When Øthat you IRR adult [you IRR do same thing] “When you are an adult [you’ll do the same thing]” |
P&T |
| FreeRc | Ø | Lè you ka mandé-y si i vé mayé
When Øthat you HAB ask-her if she want marry “When you ask her if she wants to get married” |
P&T |
